Ancient Greece - Minoan Palace: Although cement with the form we know today did not exist in antiquity, there was an equivalent mixture made of lime, volcanic material from Thira or Nisyros and sand - gravel that gave surprising results and was thus made to even exceed the properties of the current cement.
The water tank of the ancient city of Kamiros in Rhodes, with a capacity of 600 tonnes, is a sample of the use of ancient cement almost from 900 BC. Similar findings are found in Knossos, the Minoan palace, considered as one of the most important technological achievements to date. (Search results in the Greek Internet for "ancient mortar")

Ancient Rome - Pantheon: The Roman mortar could coagulate and bind in water (hydraulic cement) and is not dissolved by water. Used for a variety of constructions during the Roman era, such as roads, bridges, aqueducts, baths of Karakala, the Colosseum, etc. Using lava from the nearby volcanoes (eg Pozuoli hence pozolans pozolanic), the Romans created a powerful mixture, successfully resulting to projects whose resistance strikes hitherto. The Pantheon is one of the oldest buildings saved intact today and yes, the main construction material is the Roman mortar. (The Roman Pantheon: The Triumph of Concrete by David Moore, P.E.)

Byzantium - Agia Sofia: The legendary church of Agia Sofia is an architectural masterpiece, which owes much to its building materials. The deputy professor in the department of Chemical Engineering at the National Metsovo Polytechnic, Mr Tonia Moropoulou, searched the Byzantine texts in Fanari and found a description of the 9th century, in connection with the construction of the temple and especially the composition of the mortar of Agia Sofia, the famous Byzantine cement, which is the most critical input for the impeccable behaviour of the monument to earthquakes. The same material, called "kourasani" was used in the 18th century in the old city of Rhodes to overlap and protect from water and moisture the roofs and before that in the monasteries of Mount Athos and other Byzantine buildings.   (www.hellenicnews.com)

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